Quick Take - The Brief
Yes, non-citizens and immigrants can qualify for Social Security if they meet specific legal and work requirements.
You must have lawful immigration status and enough work credits (usually 40 credits, or about 10 years of covered work).
Both permanent residents (“green card” holders) and some other lawfully present immigrants may be eligible.
Social Security benefits can be paid to eligible non-citizens living in the U.S.—and sometimes abroad, depending on international agreements.
Eligibility for Supplemental Security Income (SSI) has stricter residency and immigration rules than Social Security retirement benefits.
Why It Matters
Many seniors who immigrated to the U.S. have worked hard and paid into Social Security. Understanding your rights ensures you and your family don’t miss out on benefits you’ve earned through years of work.
Deep Dive - The Beyond
Who Can Qualify?
Lawfully Present Immigrants:
Non-citizens must be lawfully present in the U.S. to qualify for Social Security benefits. This includes permanent residents (green card holders), refugees, asylees, and certain other visa holders.
Work Credits Requirement:
You need to earn enough work credits by paying Social Security taxes. In 2025, you get one credit for each $1,810 in earnings, up to four credits per year. Most people need 40 credits (about 10 years of work) to qualify for retirement benefits.
Benefit Type | Who May Qualify | Key Requirements |
Retirement | Lawfully present immigrants | 40 work credits; lawful status |
Disability | Lawfully present immigrants | Work credits; meet disability definition |
Survivors/Dependents | Eligible family members (including non-citizens) | Based on worker’s record; lawful status |
SSI (Supplemental Security Income) | Limited categories of non-citizens | Stricter immigration/residency rules |
Special Notes on Eligibility
Permanent Residents:
Green card holders who have earned enough credits and are lawfully present can receive Social Security benefits just like U.S. citizens.
Other Lawfully Present Immigrants:
Some non-citizens with valid work authorization may also qualify, but eligibility can depend on visa type and length of lawful presence.
Living Abroad:
If you leave the U.S., your ability to receive Social Security benefits depends on your country of citizenship, where you live, and international agreements between the U.S. and that country. Some countries restrict payments to non-citizens living abroad
SSI Program:
SSI has much stricter requirements. Only certain categories of non-citizens—such as refugees, asylees, and some veterans—may qualify, and only if they meet additional residency and income rules.
Step-by-Step: How to Check Your Eligibility
#1: Confirm Your Immigration Status
Make sure you are lawfully present in the U.S. with valid documentation (such as a green card or approved asylum/refugee status).
#2: Review Your Work Credits
Log in to your Social Security account or request a statement to check your credited earnings.
#3: Gather Required Documents
Social Security card, proof of age, immigration documents, and work history.
#4: Apply for Benefits
File online, by phone, or at your local Social Security office. Bring all supporting documents.
#5: Ask About Family Benefits
Spouses, children, or survivors may also be eligible, even if they are non-citizens, provided they meet lawful presence rules.
What To Do Next:
Check your Social Security Statement regularly to ensure your work is properly credited.
Keep your immigration documents up to date and report any changes to Social Security.
Consult with the Social Security Administration or a qualified advisor if you have questions about your specific situation.
Apply as soon as you reach eligibility age or if you become disabled, to avoid missing benefits.
Readers Toolbox
Official Resources:
Social Security Administration website (ssa.gov)
SSA toll-free number: 1-800-772-1213
Local Social Security offices (find your nearest office on the SSA website)
Downloadable Guides:
Eligibility checklists for non-citizens (available at SSA offices)
Local Help:
Area Agencies on Aging
Immigrant support organizations
Legal aid clinics specializing in elder and immigration law
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In-Depth Extras:
Expert Tip:
If you have worked both in the U.S. and another country, ask about “totalization agreements.” These international agreements may allow you to combine work credits from both countries to qualify for benefits.
Real-Life Story:
Carlos, a permanent resident originally from Mexico, worked for 15 years in the U.S. After reaching age 62, he applied for Social Security retirement benefits using his green card and work history. He now receives monthly payments, helping him support his family in retirement.
Community Corner
Have questions about your eligibility as a non-citizen or immigrant? Share your experiences or tips below!
I checked my eligibility with the local Social Security office and found out my years of work as a green card holder counted toward my retirement. Don’t be afraid to ask questions!
Remember: If you’ve worked and paid into Social Security—even as a non-citizen—you may be entitled to benefits. Check your status, gather your documents, and reach out for help to secure the benefits you’ve earned!
References:
Social Security, Medicare & Government Pensions: Get the Most Out of Your Retirement & Medical Benefits, Joseph L. Matthews, NOLO, 30th Edition, February 2025. Accessed May 25, 2025.
Understanding the Benefits, Social Security Administration, Publication No. 05-10024, 2025. Accessed May 25, 2025.
Social Security Numbers for Noncitizens, Social Security Administration, Publication No. 05-10096, 2025. Accessed May 25, 2025.
Your Payments While You Are Outside the United States, Social Security Administration, Publication No. 05-10137, 2025. Accessed May 25, 2025.